Analysis of a Classic Chinese Poem: 临江仙·夜饮东坡醒复醉

# Analysis of "临江仙·夜饮东坡醒复醉" - Classical Chinese Poetry

## Introduction
The poem "临江仙·夜饮东坡醒复醉" (Lín Jiāng Xiān · Yè Yǐn Dōng Pō Xǐng Fù Zuì) was written by **Su Shi** (苏轼, 1037–1101), one of the greatest poets of the **Song Dynasty**. Known by his literary name **Dongpo**, Su Shi was a polymath—a poet, calligrapher, painter, and statesman. This poem reflects his philosophical outlook during a period of political exile, blending melancholy with transcendent acceptance. It is celebrated for its lyrical beauty and deep introspection, embodying the Daoist and Zen Buddhist influences in classical Chinese poetry.

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## The Poem: Full Text and Translation

> 夜饮东坡醒复醉  
> *Yè yǐn Dōngpō xǐng fù zuì*  
> Drinking at night on the Eastern Slope, sober, then drunk again  

> 归来仿佛三更  
> *Guīlái fǎngfú sān gēng*  
> Returning, it seems, around midnight  

> 家童鼻息已雷鸣  
> *Jiā tóng bíxī yǐ léimíng*  
> The houseboy snores like thunder  

> 敲门都不应  
> *Qiāo mén dōu bù yìng*  
> No one answers when I knock  

> 倚杖听江声  
> *Yǐ zhàng tīng jiāng shēng*  
> Leaning on my cane, I listen to the river’s sound  

> 长恨此身非我有  
> *Cháng hèn cǐ shēn fēi wǒ yǒu*  
> I’ve long regretted that this body isn’t truly mine  

> 何时忘却营营  
> *Héshí wàngquè yíng yíng*  
> When will I forget life’s frantic hustle?  

> 夜阑风静縠纹平  
> *Yè lán fēng jìng hú wén píng*  
> Late night, wind calms, ripples smooth out  

> 小舟从此逝  
> *Xiǎo zhōu cóngcǐ shì*  
> A little boat drifts away from here  

> 江海寄余生  
> *Jiāng hǎi jì yúshēng*  
> To spend my remaining years by rivers and seas  

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## Line-by-Line Analysis  

1. **"Drinking at night... drunk again"**  
   - Su Shi describes a cyclical state of intoxication and clarity, mirroring his existential musings. The Eastern Slope (*Dongpo*) refers to his exile residence, where he farmed and wrote.  

2. **"Returning... around midnight"**  
   - Time blurs, suggesting detachment from worldly routines.  

3. **"The houseboy snores like thunder"**  
   - A humorous yet lonely image—human companionship is absent, leaving only nature’s sounds.  

4. **"No one answers... listen to the river"**  
   - The river becomes a spiritual companion, symbolizing the flow of life and time.  

5. **"I’ve long regretted... isn’t truly mine"**  
   - A Daoist reflection: the body is transient, bound by societal duties (*from Zhuangzi’s philosophy*).  

6. **"When will I forget... frantic hustle?"**  
   - A yearning to escape political strife (Su Shi was exiled for opposing reforms).  

7. **"Late night... ripples smooth out"**  
   - Nature’s tranquility contrasts with human turmoil, hinting at inner peace.  

8. **"A little boat... rivers and seas"**  
   - A metaphor for relinquishing control, embracing freedom like a drifting boat.  

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## Themes and Symbolism  

1. **Transcendence vs. Attachment**  
   - The river and boat symbolize release from worldly struggles, aligning with Daoist *wuwei* (effortless action).  

2. **Nature as Solace**  
   - Wind and water represent impermanence and harmony, central to Chinese landscape poetry (*shanshui*).  

3. **Political Exile**  
   - The poem subtly critiques the Song Dynasty’s bureaucracy while advocating spiritual liberation.  

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## Cultural Context  

- Written during Su Shi’s **exile to Huangzhou** (1080–1086), the poem reflects his shift from Confucian activism to Daoist/Zen acceptance.  
- The "Eastern Slope" became his artistic identity; he later adopted "Dongpo" as his name.  
- The final lines allegedly caused panic—officials feared he’d fled, but he was simply meditating by the river.  

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## Conclusion  

"临江仙·夜饮东坡醒复醉" captures the essence of Chinese literati culture: wine, nature, and philosophical resignation. Su Shi’s ability to find beauty in exile resonates universally, offering a timeless lesson on embracing life’s uncertainties. Today, the poem endures as a testament to the healing power of art and the natural world.  

*Final thought*: In our modern "frantic hustle," Su Shi’s call to "listen to the river" remains a poignant invitation to pause and reflect.